The DENNISON Patrilineage 5 DNA Project
DENNISON DNA Patrilineage 5
The Probable Irish or Scottish Ethnicity of DENNISON Patrilineage 5
We may presume that DENNISON Patrilineage 5 is ultimately of Irish/Scottish origin from the fact that it falls within haplogroup subclade R-M222. As explained elsewhere, this subclade is rooted in a broad swathe of northern Ireland and southwestern and lowland Scotland, between which there has been continuous two-way migration across the Irish Sea for a millennia or more. This Celtic background is also confirmed by the many other surnames that fall within this patrilineage, most of them recognizably Irish or Scottish.
People of this background found in colonial Virginia are most likely to be ethnically Scotch-Irish—denizens originally of the Scottish southwestern and lowlands areas who migrated first to Ireland starting in the early 1600s, and then moved on to America—a few to Canada and New England, but principally to Pennsylvania, between 1720-1765.
That was the story for DENNISON Patrilineage 1, at any rate, whose ancestry has been traced back to the ancient Scottish gentry line of “Denniston” (with a “t”, but originally “Danzielstoun”) which runs back to the 12th century. Outside the gentry class, though, the Irish and the Scots were late in adopting permanent hereditary surnames. Virtually all Englishmen had surnames by 1550, but many Brits in the Celtic areas of Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, were without surnames until the 1700s, or even later.
This was especially true in the rural areas or small villages in which most people lived, where a first name plus a byname (e.g. “John the miller”), or a patronymic (e.g. “John, son of James”) were sufficient to uniquely identify everyone. And when permanent hereditary surname began to become general in a particular area (and these example names became John Miller, and John Jamison), the sons, grandsons and nephews of a the surnameless patriarch of a particular patrilineage often ended up with many different surnames.
Typically, the need for acquiring a permanent hereditary surname arose when a young man, or a young family, first migrated to a substantial town, or overseas, in search of more freedom or economic opportunity. It is thus quite likely that the known MRCA (Most Recent patrilineal Common Ancestor) of this DENNISON patrilineage, James DENNISON of FauquierCoVA (born say 1740), was himself the ancestor who first adopted DENNISON as his permanent hereditary surname, or if not, that his father or grandfather was. And if that happens to be the case, the prospects for tracing James and his patriline back to a particular locale of Ireland or Scotland become highly problematic. However, by considering the surnames of his descendants’ FTDNA-reported matches and scanning Britain for an area where all or many of these surnames are found together, we may at least make an educated guess about where, in general, he came from.
Narrowing down the locales where DENNISON Patrilineage 5 may have originated
The distribution of particular surnames across Britain as of the 1881 UKCensus has been mapped, which suggests an approach that may help to identify the areas where DENNISON Patrilineage 5 originated. Thanks to the glacially slow pace of internal migration within Britain, the counties where particular surnames were most prevalent in 1881 were usually the counties where at least the most proliferated surname patrilineage originated, and where there's a second or a third concentration of the same surname in one or a cluster of counties not adjacent to the first, it’s likely that each of these county clusters represents the place of origin of a different surname patrilineage.
Unfortunately, Patrilineage 5 is not one of the larger DENNISON patrilineages, at least on this side of the pond. However, the people of other surnames who come up as yDNA matches to Pat 5 members, figure to all converge on one area and local place where the most recent common patrilineal ancestor (the MRCA) of all of these surname patrilineages once trod the earth. So if we look for the overlaps in the counties where these various matching surnames may have originated, it may at least provide a clue as to where this tribe of DENNISONs originated—always remembering, however, that particular concentrations of a surname probably only represent the one or two most proliferated proliferant surname patrilineages originated, at least if some adjustment is made to factor out the steady trickle to Britain’s few big cities. Fortunately, it’s possible to do that with the two sets of surname distribution maps I make use of.
But even though these maps show where the most prevalent patrilineages for particular surnames likely originated, that would probably be DENNISON Patrilineage 1, an ancient Scottish gentry line that traces credibly back to the 13th century, cadet branches of which came to Ireland early as well, during the Ulster Plantation period (1606-1641) and was well established in certain northern Ireland counties by 1720 when extensive Scotch-Irish migration to America began. However, all is not lost because in Ireland and Scotland it was commonplace for late adopters of hereditary surnames, particularly if they were out-migrants, to assume the surname of respected local gentry landowners, or lairds (interestingly, the freed slaves of the South most often followed his same pattern, adopting the surnames of their former masters). So it’s likely that most of the other DENNISON patrilineages with a probable Irish/Scottish background came from the same counties where prominent DENNISON landowners are found.
Thus, though the procedure be speculative, searching for Irish or Scottish counties where both DENNISONs and people of surnames that match to DENNISON Patrilineage 5 members resided in the 19th century, may not only identify the counties where Pat 5 too originated, but may also be undrstood as to a degree confirmative of the hypothesis that the Pat 5 DENNISONs derived their surname from DENNISON Pat 1. Indeed, the line that became DENNISON Pat 5, may even have been an offshoot of Pat 1 by virtue of an NPE (Non Paternity Event). So, without further ado, lets look at the distribution in Ireland of the surname DENNISON as well as the other surnames that have been reported by FTDNA as likely matches to DENNISON Patrilineage 5. I focus on Ireland rather than Scotland in part because so many of the DENNISON Pat 5 matches have distinctively Irish surnames, but also because the life history of the Pat 5 MRCA, James DENNISON, matches much more closely to the Irish pattern than the Scottish: he settled east of the mountains, and was content most of his life to be, in effect a lessor, not an owner of his own land.
Of the many other surnames that match to DENNISON Patrilineage 5 descendants, and which therefore probably have a most recent common ancestor with them who lived no more than about 600 years ago, the surname matches at 111 markers are most likely to be the closest relatives (BLANEY, FINLEY, McMILLAN), but surnames that come up more than once, even though matched just on the first 67, need to be considered too, and these include most notably DONAHUE and HAGGARTY. The matches at 67 come into play too, both because many people haven’t extended all the way to 111 markers (which is a reason why some matches at 37 may also be relevant), and also because the mutational process is so irregular that it’s a mistake to take Genetic Distance too seriously as an indicator of closeness of relationship.
Thus, the surnames of special interest to members of Patrilineage 5—that are likely to converge to which the several members of DENNISON Patrilineage 5 match, the ones at 111 markers are likely to be the most closely related, though the matches at 67 markers should also be considered, given the vagaries of the mutational process across these small samples of haplotypes. The other surnames that come up matched to one or more of the members of this project are (using the most common American standardized spellings): BLANEY, FINLEY, McMILLAN (at 111 markers), plus COYLE, DONAHUE, DOYLE, GILLEN, HAGGARTY, MARTIN, McCOY, McKEOWN, MATHIESON, OWEN, TURNER, and WELLS (at 67) markers. Most of these surnames are distinctively Irish, not ultimately Scottish (with OWEN being Welsh), but the most interesting, in part because they occur more than once, are DONAHUE, HAGGARTY, and McMILLEN.
The several matches to DONAHUE (also DONAGHY), which derive from the Gaelic MacDonnchadha, suggest that these Patrilineage 5 DENNISONs may not have acquired their surname not by adopting it from one of the upper class Patrilineage 1 gentry DENNISONs, lairds who owned much land in the northern and central counties of Tyrone, Leitrim and Longford, and also had commercial interests in Dublin and Glasgow, but may instead have derived their surname originally from the indigeneous Irish clan to which these Irish DONAHUEs belonged.
And given the several matching variants of this surname, and the fact that I find none of the many derivations from MacDonnchadha in the definitive surname dictionary, Surnames of Scotland, It would seem that these Patrilineage 5 DENNISONs have deep roots in Ireland with a surname that was adopted quite early, and that they are probably not originally of Scottish origin, as were the vast majority of early migrants from Ireland to Pennsylvania and Virginia.Surname distribution maps of Ireland suggest that DONOHOE (the most common modern Irish spelling of the surname) were by the mid-19th century most prevalent in the SW Irish counties of Cork, and Kerry, but it is a very common surname and found all over Ireland, except for the Ultster counties in the north.
On the other hand, both McMILLEN
Confirmation of this theory of ultimate Irish origin for a DENNISON Patrilineage 5 that probably also had offshoots in Scotland comes from the fact that the single match that turns up (so far) to the one member of this project who has extended his results to 111 markers, Byron Dennison (D-51), is to a HAGGARTY—a surname that does appear in Surnames of Scotland but only as “of recent introduction from Ireland”. Meanwhile, the FTDNA HAGGARTY/HEGGARTY Project indicates that the largest number of members belong to a single patrilineage with roots mostly in county Cork in the SW of Ireland, though the particular member who comes up as a match to Byron is supposed to have roots in Londonderry. However, the absence of a specific ancestral name for this HAGGARTY member, the fact that precious few descendants of American immigrants from Ireland before the 1800s have been able to trace their lines overseas, and the popularity of Londonderry as an origin due to the fact that many Protestant Scotch-Irish immigrants took part in the Siege of Londonderry (the city) in 1689, renders the claimed origin for this particular HAGGARTY suspect.
Nonetheless, several considerations support Northern Ireland as a likely proximate area of origin for Irish HAGGARTYs/HEGGARTYs who migrated to America in the 18th century (and therefore probably also their Patrilineage 5 DENNISON cousins): (1) the fact that HAGGARTY is listed at all in Surnames of Scotland (most of the population flow between Scotland and Ireland involved northern Ireland); (2) most early Irish migration to America ran through the northern and western ports of Belfast and Dublin, respectively; and (3) there was a secondary clustering of HEGARTYs in the northern Irish counties of Donegal and Tyrone, as shown on this surname distribution map for HEGARTYs, based on the early to mid-19th century Griffth’s Valuation.
It should be pointed out that this distant connection to a HAGGERTY is less than certain. With a Genetic Distance of 9 across the 111 markers (projecting to a most recent common patrilineal ancestor born say 1485, give or take a century) FTDNA defines the reported match between Byron and the HAGGERTY to be merely “possible”, not “probable”. But that’s without considering the many other distant matches to descendants with other purely Irish surnames.
The best way to nail down such distant matches, and explore one’s relatively ancient patrilineal ancestries that extend back to before the time when most people even had hereditary surnames, is to order tests on one’s DNA sample for characteristic ySNPs, and so determine a particular patrilineage’s haplogroup, and with it the patrilineage’s place on the hugely branching human haplogroup tree. So far, the deep ancestry of DENNISON Patrilineage 5 has only been classified as belonging to the broad northern European haplogroup R-269, but the HAGGERTY haplogroup has been classified as R-FGC32828, deep within the R-M222 sub-branch of the haplogroup tree, which descends from certain early (500-1200) and prolific chieftains of northern Ireland, including the semi-legendary Ui Neill. One of the key charactertics of this very common and ancient Irish R-M222 haplogroup, which was centered primarily in northern Ireland but with tentacles reaching out to SW Scotland, is for descendants to have matches to many other purely Irish surnames, just as does the principal HAGGARTY patrilineage that Byron matches to, and for that matter the members of the DENNISON Patrilineage 5 Project: this is shown by the 67-marker GD matrix, which I’ve expanded to show some of the relationships, probable as well as possible, to distant cousins with other Irish surnames. One more interesting curiosity shown by the DENNISON Patrilineage 5 67-marker GD matrix, is that there are also very distant matches to two other DENNISONs, whom I’ve classified as belonging to a separate DENNISON Patrilineage 4.
Genealogical Beginnings in Fauquier County, Virginia
As far as we know from the genealogical evidence, the story of DENNISON Patrilineage 5 begins in Fauquier County, Virginia, with a DENNISON named James. James isn’t the only DENNISON denizen of the county, but he is the one that all of the current members of the Patrilineage 5 project are descended from. There is also a contemporary John DENNISON of Fauquier, who was a fairly close neighbor to James who might have been a brother, or just possibly his father.
I’ve just (8Jul2020) published The DENNISONs of Fauquier County, Virginia a review and analysis of all of the evidence accumulated to date pertaining to the DENNISONs of FauquierCo, with particular emphasis on the abstracts of the personal property tax (PPT) records from 1782-1796 and 1799. There’s some more work yet to be done in FauquierCo, especially finishing up with the PPTs, but this will have to be deferred until this COVID-19 thing blows over and the libraries and archives are once again opened up.
As a result of my recent work, I’ve tweaked the top layer of the indented descendancies tree respecting the original James and his conjugal family, and I’ve posted a number of interleaved comments that briefly note the evidence that underlies my estimates for the birth dates of the members of this family.
Suggested Further Research
There is more research to do in FauquierCo: the annual personal property tax list abstracts need to be continued from 1797 through at least 1810, and the corresponding land tax records from 1782-1810 need to be examined too. The marriage records, and the deeds and probate indexes for FauquierCo should be searched to be sure that there aren’t any items that haven’t already been found (Haught has transcribed several FauquierCo marriage bonds; see “The FauquierCo Courthouse http Evidence” section of my analytical report for a review of what we have), and the court order books of FauquierCo should be scanned page by page, and any items for DENNISONs, and perhaps certain in-law surnames, should be abstracted.
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DENNISON Patrilineage 5 Descendancies (Ancestral Pedigrees)
The indented descendancy trees below have been carefully vetted for plausibility, and are backed by citable evidence drawn from readily available sources like the USCensus; from items listed in the upper left navigation panels of the DENNISON Surname Project main page and of this Patrilineage 5 Project page; or from other, more particular sources detailed in the headnotes to the descendancy trees below—much of this more particular evidence is available on request from the principal genealogists whose names are listed in those headnotes or in the project Directory of Researchers where they are linked through their project numbers to their particular ancestral pedigrees.
Each descendancy begins with the earliest known male ancestor of a particular sublineage and continues down to the ySTR DNA tested male descendant. Since this DNA patrilineage project is focused on tested or testable males surnamed DENNISON, these descendancy trees have generally been pruned not only of daughters, but also of most male lines that are known to have gone extinct or “daughtered out”, though in some instances all the sons, or even complete reconstructed families including daughters, will be included because of their broad-based genealogical interest; in such cases where sons are known or believed to have no living male descendants, this mill be noted one way or another, e.g. “no known children”, or “died unmarried”.
The information provided for each male DENNISON should be sufficient in most cases to uniquely identify him in the USCensus and other readily available sources. These data comprise (insofar as is known): date and place of birth, date and place of death, the name(s) of his wife (or wives) and the date and place of marriage.
The posted lineages have been severely abbreviated and standardized to facilitate eyeball scanning and CTL-F searching.
Although most known dates have been abbreviated to just the year, full specific dates are known in many, if not most of these cases; thus a year date without the qualifiers “abt” or “say” more often than not implies that it is backed by a specific, full date. As of Mar2018 I’ve changed my policy on known dates and begun posting known dates in their full form.
Partial dates that are not backed by specific, unequivocal evidence are always qualified: approximate dates by “abt” guesstimated dates by “say”; or otherwise by “bef”ore, “aft”er, or “btw” (between), depending on the evidence. Approximated dates imply supporting evidence which merely fails of complete accuracy, while “say” dates are guesstimates based on typical patterns of the time, place, and social group.
Full specific dates posted prior to Mar2018 were truncated to just the year, but since then I’ve begun posting such dates in full and expanding certain earlier posted year dates to their full form as they have come to my attention. I’ve changed my earlier policy because full specific dates have their own inherent plausibility, and because they are strongly suggestive of specific evidential backing, but I’ve attempted to preserve the distinction between dates for which I’ve actually seen the evidence, and full dates that have merely been claimed by others, by enclosing the latter (merely claimed) dates within [square brackets] and sometimes appending a “?” when they seemed particularly doubtful.
Places have been abbreviated to the most important jurisdictional place where relevant records are to be found—for most states/colonies these are counties; for New England, towns.
A standardized, coded, format has been used to represent jurisdictional places to facilitate scanning or CTL-F searching: ZIP codes represent US states/colonies; 3-character codes (like “ENG”) represent other countries; and the elements of a jurisdictional place designation have been concatenated to save space. Thus, for example, “Fauquier County, Virginia”, has been standardized as “FauquierCoVA”.
The yDNA-tested male descendants are flagged below with their Project#s and the Nickname of the Principal Genealogist, e.g. Terry-16).
Inferences about the placement of the distinctive yDNA mutations of project members have been interwoven with their descendancies, below, in red text; please note, however, the careful qualifications in these DNA notes where they appear. Most inferences drawn from DNA evidence are probabilistic in nature and one needs to keep an open mind about alternative interpretations, just as one does with the genealogy itself.
Doubtful (conjectural) persons are shaded in the color “yellow”; e.g. John??? DENNISON (say 1715 Ireland?? - ).
Doubtful ancestral links to conjectural sons are outlined in the color “tomato”, e.g. |.
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invisible writing
1--John Denniston (say 1715 Ireland?? - Pennsylvania??))
As my “DENNISONs in the Pennsylvania Land Grant Records” shows, there was a John Denniston who warranted 250a in Philadelphia County in 1738, and a John Denniston who patented 203a in LancasterCoPA on 7Feb1739[/40]—probably the same man. This John’s subsequent career in PA hasn’t been traced, but he may have been the immigrant progenitor of several, mutually unrelated Virginia DENNISON patrilineages, including this FauquierCo one.
Be that as it may, it’s highly likely that James and John DENNISON of FauquierCo—family heads and fairly close neighbors on one of the three 1787 county tax lists—were brothers, so I have postulated a common immigrant father for them, who may or may not have been this John. My paper, “The DENNISONs of Fauquier County, Virginia” lays out the evidence for this rather speculative reconstruction of James2’s natal family.
If not brothers, John and James DENNISON of FauquierCo were probably father and son, with father John1 having sons (half-brothers of James2) by a second, late marriage: there is some evidence for this proposition too.
| 2-James Dennison (say 1740 - aft 1810 [HarrisonCoVA?]
| ---m. say 1763 Nancy [ANDERSON??]
Sources: Terry E. Dennison, Steve Dennison, Patrick Dennison, Lisa Michalek, and John Robb
All of the currently tested members of this project descend from James DENNISON of FauquierCo, and most of the extensive descendancies from James posted below are based on their research, and on Betty Haught’s 1995 My Branch of the Dennison Family Tree, Volume 1. Haught’s book is based mainly on primary sources, and includes transcriptions as well as a few photocopies of many sources—everything one could desire except the citations that would ground her work, and facilitate its validation. I’ve annotated some of the key items posted in the descendancies below with citations to Haught, e.g. “Haught,13”.
The postulation of an immigrant father of James, and the somewhat conjectural filling out of his conjugal and natal families is based on my own additional research of the FauquierCo records, especially the series of annual county tax records that begins in 1782, but this additional research needs to be understood as a work in progress.
| |--3-Mary Dennison (say 1764 -)
| | ---[m(bond). 20Sep1785 Anthony HAILEY, in FauquierCoVA—Haught,38
| Mary was at least 21 when she married in 1785 w/o need of her father’s consent,
| and her husband’s RevWar pension records show that he was born about 1760.
| |--3-Henry Dennison (abt 1766 -)
| | ---[m(bond). 21Mar1787 Jenny DIXON, in FauquierCoVA-Haught,56]
| Henry was at least 21 when he first appeared in the FauquierCo tax records of 1787,
| and he required no consent when married that year.
| |--3-John Dennison (abt 1772 FauquierCoVA - 1824 HarrisonCoVA)
| | ---[m1(bond). 4Mar1794[|1795?] Sarah NORMAN, in FauquierCoVA—Haught,12]
| John had probably recently turned 16 in 1790 when he first appears in the FauquierCo tax records.
| | |--4-Anderson Dennison ([2Jan1795—Haught,13] FauquierCoVA - 1875 HarrisonCo)
| | | ---m. 12Mar1818 Eleanor SKINNER, in HarrisonCoVA
Anderson’s descendants share the mutation CDYb-38, and he may have inherited it from his father.
| | | |--5-John Wilson Dennison (1825 - 1900)
| | | | ---m. 1851 Mary Jane MATHES
| | | | sons: Thomas Jefferson, Dexter Lee, Charles A.
| | | |--5-Walter McWhorter Dennison (1827 -)
| | | | ---m. 1855 Agnes MAXWELL
| | | | sons: William L., Andrew Fitch, Amos David, Perry Tilden, Cecil B.
| | | |--5-James D. Dennison (1831 - 1854)
| | | | ---m. 1853 Massy/Mercy Victoria MAXELL, in HarrisonCoVA
| | | | |--6-Walter Mark Dennison (1854 - 1898)
| | | | | ---m. 1881 Ellen Isobel DENNISON
| | | | | |--7-Ailey Wilson Dennison (1889 DoddridgeCoWV - 1979 HarrisonCoWV)
| | | | | | |--8-Donald K. Dennison
| | | | | | | |--9-Byron Dennison *** Byron-51 ***
| | | | | | |--8-Jackie Eugene Dennison
| | | | | | | |--9-Steven Wayne Dennison *** Steve-37 ***
| | | |--5-Edmund Lewis Dennison (1839 -)
| | | | ---m. 1860 Elizabeth MORRIS
| | | | sons: Manley Anderson, James J., John R., Wirt E., Grover C.
| | | |--5-Joshua Smith Dennison (1842 HarrisonCoVA - 1917 HarrisonCoWV)
| | | | ---m1. 1865 Malissa Ann RICHARDS
| | | | ---m2. 1867 Elizabeth Dorothy CARTER, in HarrisonCoWV
| | | | |--6-William E. Dennison (1870 -)
| | | | |--6-Omer S Dennison (1875 -)
| | | | |--6-Seymour H. Dennison (1877 -)
| | | | |--6-David Anderson Dennison (1883 HarrisonCoWV - 1973 GalliaCoOH)
| | | | | ---m. 1912 Katie Alice COPENHAVER, in KanawhaCoWV
| | | | | |--7-David Karl Dennison
| | | | | | |--8-Terry Eugene Dennison *** Terry-16 ***
| | | | | | |--8-Stanley Dennison *** Stanley-55 ***
| | | | |--6-Lee Dennison (1888 -)
| | |--4-Bailey L. Dennison (abt 1797 FauquierCoVA - aft 13Jun1860 LawrenceCoOH??)
| | | ---[m. 20Feb1820 Sarah GILLESPIE, in HarrisonCoVA—Haught,13
| | |--4-Edmund Dennison ([6Jan1799—Priest,36,95] FauquierCoVA - 1889 HarrisonCoWV)
| | | ---m. 1820 Elizabeth GREATHOUSE, in HarrisonCoVA
| | |--4-John R. Dennison (abt 1804 FauquierCoVA - 1864 HarrisonCoWV)
| | | ---m. 1827 Sarah SKINNER, in HarrisonCoVA
| | |--4-Hezekiah N. Dennison (abt 1806 [HarrisonCoVA?] - 1894 GilmerCoWV)
| | | ---m(bond). 1826 Anna STARCHER, in HarrisonCoVA
| | | |--5-Salathiel L. Dennison (abt 1837 VA - abt 1899)
| | | | ---m. 1860 Mary Etta COX
| | | | |--6-Philip Cortland Dennison (1866 DoddridgeCoWV - 1949 LewisCoWV)
| | | | | ---m. 1894 Priscilla Estella SUTTLE
| | | | | |--7-Charles T. Dennison
| | | | | | |--8-Wayne B. Dennison
| | | | | | | |--9-Patrick Wayne Dennison *** Patrick-42**
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| |--3-Thomas Dennison (abt 1776 FauquierCoVA -)
| Thomas first appears on the FauquierCo tax lists in 1793, presumably having recently turned 16.
| In the 1810 USCensus for FauquierCo he seems to be married with 4 children, yet there is apparently
| no marriage record for him, and I don’t find him in the 1820 or 1820 USCensuses either.
| |--3-James Dennison (abt 1778 FauquierCoVA - 1854 LewisCoVA)
| | ---m. [21Jan1808-Haught,43] Sarah GREATHOUSE, in HarrisonCoVA
| James was aged 50-59 in the 1830 USCensus for HarrisonCoVA,
| but doesn’t appear in the FauquierCo tax records (after reaching the age of 16) until after 1796.
| | |--4-Gabriel Dennison (6Aug1811 -)
| | | ---m1. 1836 Martha STOUT, in HarrisonCoVA
| | | sons: James C, Daniel G, John McWhorter
| | | ---m2. 12Dec1857 Margery BERRY
| | | sons: Fielding B., Gabriel
| | |--4-James Ross Dennison (1813 - 1899 DoddridgeCoWV)
| | | ---m1. 1835 Mary HUSTEAD
| | | sons: James Hustead, Jonas J., Lewis M., John Calvin
| | | ---m2. 1863 Margaret Roberta NICHOLSON
| | | Silas Bruce, Christopher C.N., George Washington, Phillip Sheridan,
| | | Ira Flavious, Robert, Fillmore
| | |--4-John Dennison (1815 -)
| | | ---m. 1836 Letitia QUEEN
| | | son: Charles A.
| | |--4-Calvin C. Dennison (1821 - 1908)
| | | ---m. 1858 Margaret E. MORRISON
| | | sons: John Curry, Minter James, Mistensen Alonzo, Bird
| | |--4-William K. Dennison (1822 -)
| | | ---m. 1853 Matilda J. KEITH, in LewisCoWV
| | |--4-Minter [Bailey?] Dennison (abt 1827 -)
| | | ---m1. 1852 Elizabeth GREATHOUSE
| | | ---m2. 1857 Minerva Jane FURR, in GilmerCoVA
| | | |--5-Othellow Gerome Dennison (1854 HarrisonCoVA - 1932 LewisCoWV)
| | | | ---m. 1887 Adora F. CUTRIGHT, in UpshurCoWV
| | | | |--6-Minter Barlow Dennison (1896 UpshurCoAV - 1972 MonroeCoNY)
| | | | | ---m. 1932 Angelina FORTUNATO
| | | | | |--7-Roy Edward Dennison
| | | | | | |--8-David Edward Dennison *** Lisa-36 *** (has mutations DYS459a- and 570--)
| | | |--5-Richard Lee Dennison (1863 -)
| | | |--5-James Stewart Dennison (1865 -)
| | | |--5-Gabriel Dennison (1867 -)
| | | |--5-Francis Dennison (1869 -)
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| |--3-Nancy Dennison (abt 1780 FauquierCoVA -)
| | ---[m(bond 10Feb1800; consent 10Mar1800.) Bailey NORMAN, in FauquierCoVA—Haught,35]
| [Father] James gave consent to this marriage, and his note was witnessed by Thomas & James Jr.
| |--3-Elizabeth Dennison (late 1781 FauquierCoVA -)
| | ---[m(bond&consent). 10Aug1802 Stephen READ, in FauquierCoVA—Haught,41
| The consent to her marriage by her father James (witnessed by Thomas and James [Jr])
| marks Elizabeth as a minor, and her approximate birth date constrains that of her next brother Elisha.
| |--3-Elisha Dennison (early 1783 FauquierCoVA -)
| Haught,47 says Elisha bought HarrisonCoVA land on 18Apr1804 so he can’t have been born after 18Apr1783.
| He doesn’t appear in the FauquierCo tax records before 1800, even though 16 year olds were listed by name,
| but is aged at least 26 in the 1810 USCensus. I don’t find him in any later censuses.
| | ---m. [10May1809 Lucinda PECK, in HarrisonCoVA—Haught,51]
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| 2-John Dennison (say 1748 - aft 1796); m. say 1770
| |--3-Isaac Dennison (abt 1771 -)
| Isaac first appears in the 1788 FauquierCo tax records, in the household of putative father John.
| The 1787 records list only men aged 21 or over, while the 1788 records list men aged 16-20.
| |--3-Jonathan Dennison (abt 1773 -)
| Jonathan first appears in the 1791 FauquierCo tax records, in the household of putative father John
| —probably having recently turned 16.
| |--3-John Dennison (abt 1779 -)
| A 3rd John DENNISON of FauquierCo (besides the father of Isaac, and the son of James)
| appears in the 1794-1795 lists. Although this John never appears in the HH of John, the father of Isaac,
| and is on a different tax list, he may be a brother of Isaac and Jonathan, somewhat prematurely out on his own.
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PRINCIPAL DENNISON Patrilineage 5 SOURCES
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HAUGHT
Betty J. Dennison Haught
My Branch of the Dennison Family Tree, Volume 1
(1995)
This book focuses on the children of James2 DENNISON of Fauquier County, Virginia, who migrated to Harrison County, Virginia (since the Civil War West Virginia), and certain in-law families—with particular attention to the author’s line of descent from Anderson4 (John3, James2). She has researched HarrisonCo quite thoroughly in the primary records, and included many transcriptions and/or photocopies of key evidence in her book. However, specific citations to the source, and detailed argumentation for many of Haught’s conclusions are often lacking, and her FauquierCo research has been practically confined to the marriage bonds she found for a few of James2’s children.
Haught claims {p4} that her 4th great grandfather James came to HarrisonCo in 1803 with his sons Henry, John, Elisha, and James Jr, apparently leaving son Thomas behind, and {on p6} she lists their children in order as Mary, Nancy, Elizabeth, Henry, John, James, Elisha, and Thomas, though without making any sort of detailed attempt at family reconstruction. My partial abstracts of the HarrisonCoVA tax records (through 1807) find no DENNISONs resident in that county until then, and the birth order Haught provides here for James2's family is at odds with the FauquierCo personal property tax evidence that I’ve abstracted.
Haught’s book mainly consist of separate chapters on the alleged sons of James Sr of FauquierCo: John, James, and Elisha, with brief summaries for other children (Henry, Nancy, Elizabeth) although there is little data presented for these latter. There is also a separate chapter on HAUGHT's ancestor, Anderson4 (John3, James2) Dennison, and his descendants, who happens to be, usefully, an ancestor of project members Terry-16, and Steve-37.
The first chapter, on the origins of the surname DENNISON and the possible origins of this DENNISON family, would undercut the credibility of the rest of this rather well-researched book if it wasn’t readily recognizable as the kind of introductory moonshine that amateurish genealogists seem to think obligatory.
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PRIEST
K[arl] C. Priest Baptized on the 4th of July: the Elder Edmund Dennison Story (SouthCharlestonWV, 1995)
This book is tightly focused on its subject, the Rev. Edmund4 (Anderson3, John2, James2) Dennison , for whom the author amassed a wealth of material, from public records, private family records, and an extensive correspondence with descendants of old HarrisonCo families.
Edmund (6Jan1799 FauquierCoVA - 7Nov1889 HarrisonCoWV) was a primitive Baptist elder and minister, and much of the book consists of his long autobiography, the history of the churches he was involved with, and private family correspondence dating mostly from the 1870s and 1880s. But the author has supplemented this material with what appears to be an exhaustive compilations of brief abstracts from the public records—not only covering the many land transactions that Edmund was party to, but even paging through the order books of HarrisonCo—an exceeding tedious, and usually unrewarding task. The upshot of all this work is a detailed snippity timeline of Edmund’s life consisting of well over 100 items—almost a twitter feed. Moreover, when Priest published this book he described his research as incomplete and continuing, though no further publications in this vein come up for this author on WorldCat.
There is little here on Edmund’s DENNISON family though, either in Edmund’s autobiography, or (as far as I know) in the book itself. The autobiography doesn’t even name his parents (John & Sarah NORMAN DENNISON) or his paternal grandparents (James & Nancy ANDERSON?? DENNISON).
We are told that in Edmund’s autobiography {pp2-3}: that his parents were poor and illiterate; that his mother (Sarah NORMAN's) people worshipped at the baptist church at Thumb Run, a half mile from where Edmund was born; and that his father’s people weren’t religious. All of Edmund’s ancestors, he says, “lived in the same neighborhood on what was termed leased land belonging to wealthy English landholders” (this can be identified, from the two chancery suits I’ve abstracted for James2, as the Manor of Leeds in NW FauquierCo). In 1806 (some 7 years after Edmund’s birth) his DENNISON family migrated some 250 miles west to HarrisonCo, where his father purchased a small plat of land (the 25Nov1807 deed for this is reproduced in Haught). Compare this with Haught’s mistaken assertion that the family migrated west in 1803—which I have disproved by my research into the annual HarrisonCo tax records.
Despite the poverty of detail on Edmund’s DENNISON ancestry in Priest’s book, his extensive correspondence with a number of named descendants of the DENNISONs of HarrisonCo, does buttress the general thesis about the origins of these DENNISONs in FauquierCoVA and the timing of their migration westward.
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This project is in no way affiliated with the DNA testing company, Family Tree DNA, or any of its surname projects, even though many of the members of this independent patrilineage project may also be members of the FTDNA DENNISON Surname Project. However, this patrilineage project is affiliated with the independent DENNISON Surname Patrilineages Association (DenSPA), whose umbrella page includes material and evidence pertaining to the surname as a whole, and to its bearers of various DENNISON patrilinages.
Navigating from here
The menu buttons at top right take you to other pages on this site, while the nav panel above targets other points on this page, or brings up other resources (papers I’ve written, and the like). If you find yourself lost, the browser BACK button will take you back to where you were (some people also have a convenient BACK button on their mouse, right under their thumb). Or hitting the HOME key of your keyboard will take you back to the top of this page where you are now.
Some Key Terms: haplotype, haplogroup, patrilineage, RPH.
DENNISON Patrilineage 5 Directory of Researchers
Active researchers of this DENNISON patrilineage are shown below. Those with highlighted names may be e-mailed by clicking on their names, and their posted descendancies may be viewed by clicking on their highlighted Patrilineage Project#s. Satellite members of the project are listed immediately after the principal researcher for the sublineage they are interested in, and their names are preceded by a dash. Where the person tested is not also the principal researcher, the former’s name appears under the latter’s, in parentheses.
| Proj# | Nickname | Principal Genealogist
(Test Subject) |
yDNA Test Panels |
| D-51 | Byron | Byron G. Dennison | 111,Y700 |
| D-36 | Lisa | Lisa (Dennison) Michalek (David Edward Dennison) |
37 |
| D-55 | Stanley | Stanley Dennison | 111,Y700 |
| D-37 | Steve | Steven Wayne Dennison | 111,Y700 |
| D-42 | Patrick | Patrick Wayne Dennison | 111 |
| D-16 | Terry | Terry Eugene Dennison | 111,Y700 |
ySNP & BigY Testing (Haplogroup R-M222+; Terminal ySNP R-FT360077)
If you’re not already familiar with the concept of haplogroup (based on ySNP DNA testing), as opposed to haplotype (based on ySTR testing), it’s suggested that you click these links and read the definitions they invoke.
The classification of a patrilineage by the terminal ySNP of its haplogroup has, in general, little or no relevance to genealogy, as ySNP mutations are calibrated more to an archeaological timescale, than to a genealogical one. However, FTDNA’s BigY does test several hundred additional ySTR markers, over 40,000 identified ySNPs, and many thousands of additional potential SNP sites, and all this additional testing can turn up additional shared (because inherited) mutations for blocking out Closer Cousin Clusters within genealogical time.
The extended testing done by several members of this DENNISON patrilineage, three of whom so far have tested not only through the 111 ySTR markers but also done FTDNA’s BigY test, have turned up a number of remote matches to people of other surnames, and I’ve addressed the implications of this in the section that begins at the top right of this page titled “The Probable Irish Ethnicity of DENNISON Patrilineage 5”
Otherwise, the BigY testing done so far hasn’t added contributed much, if anything to the genealogical understanding of DENNISON Patrilineage 5. One of the three who’ve tested, Steve-37, has also commissioned a yFULL analysis of his
The bottom line on the BigY testing that has been done so far
Haplogroup Classification and the Deep Ancestry of this Patrilineage
The members of DENNISON Patrilineage 5 belong, in the first place, to haplogroup subclade R1b. R1b is the most common haplogroup in western Europe, and it is overwhelmingly prevalent in the British Isles, but it has a long and complicated history, with many important ySNP nodal branching points that track particular human sub-populations. This set of maps and essays provides an overview of current thinking about the history of R1b in Europe. The chain of SNPs that culminates in R-M222 includes L21, which is one of the two or three most important R1b subclades for the British Isles, and this page includes an essay, and a map, showing the migration pathways, and the distribution of R-L21.
The subclade defined by the M222 SNP, though, has become perhaps the most popular and best known of the British subclades, as it is the one associated with the large Celtic descendancy that is concentrated in northern Ireland (Ulster) and southwestern Scotland (see the map on this page). This group constitutes from 5-10% of the whole population of these areas (about 20% of County Donegal in Ulster), and was once thought to descend from the line of Ui Neill chieftains, whose most famous representative was the semi-mythical 5th century Ui Neill chief, “Niall of the Nine Hostages”. It is now believed that the R-M222 mutation occurred as long as 4000 ybp (or roughly 2000 BC, in the earlier parlance), but that doesn’t change the fact that a large proportion of its modern descendants, with many scores of different surnames, cluster in Ulster and SW Scotland. Those interested in the pre-history of R-M222, and it’s subsequent articulation into sub-clades should check out, and perhaps join, the FTDNA R-M222 and Subclades project.
The current managers of this project have made some rather extravagant claims about the superiority of ySNP testing (via FTDNA's BigY-700 test) over ySTR testing, with general statements like: “There are instances among project members in which individuals separated by only a few steps of genetic distance ... cannot share a recent common ancestor [meaning, I suppose, a MRCA] for the last 1500-1800 or more years.” Given a large enough set of haplotypes, unquantified statements like this may be trivially (statistically) true, but by the same token the vast majority of ySTR haplotypes fall into the rough range of TMRCA possibilities originally staked out by FTDNA. And even though BigY tests orders of magnitude more ySNPs than ySTRs, ySTRs mutate orders of magnitude more frequently that ySNPs, and the net comparison is pretty much a wash.
Ideally, one would test both ySNPs and ySTRs, and the BigY test does that, but until the price of BigY drops into the same ballpark as FTDNA’s 111-marker ySTR test, genetic genealogists can get much more bang for the buck by testing widely for possible members of their patrilineage, initially on the first 37 ySTR markers, and then extending to 111 markers (and perhaps at that point to BigY) if the candidate proves to be a patrilineage match. Besides that, DNA testing is just a sometimes useful adjunct to the pick and shovel genealogical research that can alone establish and validate ancestral lineages, and the best allocation of money and time will continue for the foreseeable future to be in support of further conventional documentary research.
invisible writing
DENNISON Patrilineage 5 Project NEWS
22Jun2016
Please welcome new member Patrick Dennison (#D-42) to the project: like Terry-16 and Steve-37, Patrick-42 is a descendant of John2 (James1), but through John’s son Hezekiah3, rather than Anderson3. Patrick’s haplotype has caused me to rethink my interpretation of the patrilineage mutational pattern a bit, in light of the more distant matches to people of other surnames, and to the DENNISONs of Patrilineage 4, and I’ve added a paragraph to “What the DNA Suggests About Patrilineage 5” to explain my thinking.
invisible writing
8Aug2019
We have, as an additional new project member, Byron Dennison (#D-51), a known first cousin of member Steve-37. Since the ancestries of these two are so closely coordinate, the accession of Byron adds virtually nothing to our genealogical knowledge of the patrilineage, and it’s hardly surprising that his yDNA is identical to Steve’s through the first 37 markers (as far as Steve has tested). However, the fact that Byron is the first member of DENNISON Patrilineage 5 to have tested the full 111-markers, adds something to our speculative knowledge of the deep ancestry of the patrilineage.
I had earlier hypothesized that DENNISON Patrilineage 5 was ultimately of Irish, not Scottish, origin, based largely on the fact that several purely or mostly Irish surnames had come up as very distant matches, across 37 and 67 markers. Now though, thanks to Byron, we have one (and only one) match that extends to the full 111 markers, and that is to a HAGGARTY—which the definitive dictionary of Scottish surnames tells us was “of recent introduction from Ireland”. With that in mind, I’ve expanded my little essay on The Probable Irish Ethnicity of DENNISON Patrilineage 5.
invisible writing
8Jul2020
I’ve just posted a 15 page review and analysis of all of the evidence pertaining to The DENNISONs of FauquierCoVA, incorporating in particular, my recent abstracts of the early FauquierCo tax lists. I’ve also revised and greatly expanded my abstracts and analysis of the two FauquierCo chancery suits involving James DENNISON of that place. And finally, I’ve made extensive tweaks to my indented tree posting of the data for James and his conjugal family, whom I’ve now demoted from James1 to James2, on the possibility that he was a second generation immigrant with a father who might have been named John (the reasons for this are covered in my new analytical report). These tweaks include adjustments to many of the estimated dates, and interpolated comments that briefly reference the evidence that induced me to make those estimates.
Analysis of Patrilineage 5 DNA
Principles of ySTR DNA Analysis
For small patrilineages of lewer than 5 or so, the only thing ySTR DNA testing can tell us is that a particular set of males whose 37-marker haplotypes match each other closely enough belong to the same (genealogical) patrilineage, regardless of their surnames.
As a patrilineage descends down through the generations from the earliest known patriarch to his living descendants, there’s a chance each generation that one or more markers of the patrilineal haplotype will mutate, and the pattern of mutations that accrues in certain sub-lineages can amounts to a kind of yDNA signature for all the subsequent patrilineal descendants of that branch of the family. I’ve dubbed the sets of descendants who share these mutational signatures Closer Cousin Clusters (or CCC).
Grouping project members into CCCs only begins to be possible in larger patrilineage projects, but once we have CCCs to work with, they can be highly beneficial in steering future genealogical research in the most fruitful directions—or in providing warnings to those who think their genealogy is settled that they may have been barking up the wrong tree. Accordingly, when projects reach a certain size (5-7 at the minimum), it becomes desirable to extend the haplotypes of at least one project member representative of their particularly line to the full 111-markers, in the search for additional shared mutations that can be used to group members into CCCs at various levels of the descendancy tree.
The value of yDNA testing for genealogical purposes is proportional to the number of patrilineage descendants who’ve been tested, and to the degree of divergence of their ancestries. There’s little or no benefit to testing known close cousins, not only because their relationships have already been credibly worked out, but also because their haplotypes are bound to be closely identical and any differences between them are going to be due to recent mutations that are irrelevant to the lineages of other patrilineage descendants. And by the same token, the people most worth testing in the first place, and worth extending to 111 markers, are usually those who ancestries are most divergent from those of existing project members, because they are the ones most likely to have picked up mutations high up the ancestral tree that may be relevant to much wider spectrums of descendants, and also because their divergent research is most likely to suggest new avenues of research for the existing members.
Identifying patterns of shared mutations isn’t without its complications. In the first place, we need enough extended, divergent haplotypes (usually at least 4 or 5) to make a good guess about which of a set of varying values for a particular marker is the mutation, and which the normal value inherited from the MRCA (the Most Recent Common patrilineal Ancestor) of all the members.
Second (and even more insidious), the markers most likely to mutate (like the CDYs and DYS576 in the first 37-marker band), are, in fact, so mutable, that over the typically 8-12 generations that genealogists are most interested in, they can mutate independently in more than one lineage: thus, if two haplotypes share a mutation to one of the CDYs, there’s a fair chance that they didn’t all inherit it from a common ancestor.
In summary, ySTR DNA tests to 37 markers are sufficient to determine the patrilineage to which a male test subject belongs. Additionally, for patrilineage projects of five or more members with reasonably divergent ancestries, the particular mutational patterns of subsets of these members can mark them as members of a Closer Cousin Cluster—descendants of a MRCA more recent that the MRCA of the full set of members—and knowing from these CCC classifications whom one’s closer cousins are, can be valuable in directing one’s research into the right channels, and even piggy-backing onto the work of others.
Patrilineage 5 Mutations & CCCs (Closer Cousin Clusters)
It will be helpful at this point, to open up the project haplotype chart in another window or tab, in order to follow along with my detailed analysis of the haplotypes and mutations of this patrilineage.
I would like to start by pointing out that Steve-37 and Byron-51 are known first cousins so their haplotypes should be virtually identical, and for that reason there was little reason to test Byron as well as Steve. As it happens Byron and Steve improbably have between them three differentiating mutations (Steve’s DYS534=15 and DYS520=20 values, and Byron’s DYS712=22 value), but because these mutations must have occurred in the four most recent genetic transmissions of their respective lineages (since their common grandfather) they can only be of interest to others who descend from that grandfather, and presumably there are no genealogical mysteries here for yDNA testing to shed light on. Thus, for analytical purposes, the haplotypes of these two collapse into one distinctive haplotype (minus their three particular and very late mutations) as representative of their line down from James->John->Anderson->James, etc.
Counting these two as one, then, we have now just four distinctive haplotypes for DENNISON Patrilineage 5: those for Terry-16, Steve/Byron, Patrick-42, and Lisa-36. And across these four, only one shared mutation has turned up that’s probably indicative of a Closer Cousin Cluster: this is the CDYb=38 mutation shared by Terry and Steve/Byron.
The CDYs are the least desirable shared mutations to base relationship inferences on because they’re so prone to mutate, but considering the known genealogy here, if Terry and Steve/Byron didn’t inherit this mutation from their MRCA, Anderson4, given that one of them happened to pick it up in the generations since, there’s only about an 8% chance that the other would also have experienced this mutation down those generations. And if these descendants of Anderson did inherit it from him, because Patrick-42, who descends from Anderson4’s brother Hezekiah4 lacks this mutation, there’s about an 84% chance that the CDYb=38 mutation occurred in the genetic transmission from John3 to Anderson4, and only one chance in 10 that any other member of the patrilineage who’s a descendant of James2 and who turns up with the same mutation, is not also a descendant of Anderson4.
There is another shared mutation across the set of four divergent haplotypes: both Terry-16 and Lisa-36 have the mutation DYS576=18. However, DYS576 is also highly mutable, and because Lisa’s ancestry is widely divergent from Terry’s yet neither of Terry’s CCC cousins have this mutation, chances are that it occurred independently in the lineages of Terry and Lisa, and thus was not inherited from a common ancestor.
An alternate hypothesis, that DYS576=18 is the normal value while the 19 shared by Steve/Byron and Patrick is the mutated one, can’t be ruled out, but is even more unlikely given that the mutation to DYS576=19 would have had to occur in both Patrick and Steve/Byron’s lines in the 5 generations since they diverged from John3 (only a 2.5% chance of that)—and because an analysis I’ve made of very distant matching DENNISON Patrilineage 5 cousins with different surnames, also favors DYS576=19 as the normal value.
There are a few other unmatched mutations in these four haplotypes (not counting the three that occurred in the last two generations between Steve and Byron), and there would probably be more, possibly matching ones, if Patrick and Lisa were to be extended to 111, which would be desirable.
It is to be hoped that as we acquire more members of the DENNISON Patrilineage 5 project with divergent ancestries, and as those members also extend to 111 markers, that more and better shared mutations will turn up to help us construct a mutational tree of descent that to some degree parallels the known genealogical tree of descent.
The Deep Ancestry of Patrilineage 5
The degree of relationship divergence across a set patrilineage haplotypes, measured in units of Genetic Distance (or GD), can be used to estimate how far back it is to their MRCA (Most Recent Common patrilineal Ancestor), but such estimates are way too rough to be genealogically useful for a small set of haplotypes, particularly if they haven’t been extended to the full 111 markers.
However, these charts can also be useful in the case of Irish or Scottish-rooted patrilineages like this one that may be fairly shallow with respect to the focal surname, but which include a number of other surnames if we go farther back. To that end, I’ve included in the 67-marker GD matrix some of the outlier haplotypes with other surnames (and culled from other surname projects), including a DONAHUE (which has the same Gaelic root as the Anglicized DENNISON), as well the representative haplotype of Kathy-03 from the DENNISON Patrilineage 4 project.
Though DENNISON Patrilineage 4 is only remotely related to DENNISON Patrilineage 5, Patrilineage 4 is very close to the Ui Neill (or “Irish Modal”) norms. I’ve classified Patrilineage 4 and 5 as different genealogical patrilineages because their closest GD of 11 from Terry at 67 markers points to a MRCA who was born say 1120 (give or take a century or two) well before the time of surname adoption. Although both patrilineages probably lived in the same general area of northern Ireland, it’s most likely just a coincidence that descendants of both lines at some point assumed DENNISON (or maybe DONAGHY or one of the more Gaelic variants) as their permanent hereditary surname.
DENNISON Patrilineage 5 yDNA Haplotypes Compared
The following matrices, one for 37-marker comparisons, and one for 111-marker comparisons (for those project members who have extended to 111) provide some idea of the closeness of relationship across the full set of tested members of this patrilineage. The cell at the intersection of each column/row pair shows the GD (Genetic Distance) between the pair—this is an imperfect count of the total number of mutations that have occurred in both lines of descent since their MRCPA (Most Recent Common Patrilineal Ancestor) walked the earth.
It’s also possible to create corresponding matrices that show TMRCA (Time back to the MRCPA, expressed either in generations or in years), but I’ve decided to forgo such charts because they are just too misleading as indicators of when a particular MRCA lived. Mutations are so sporadic and infrequent (even when a large number of markers is tested) that such estimates can easily be off by many hundreds of years. If one has the irresistable urge to play around with TMRCA estimates between particular haplotype pairs, the best way to indulge it is to run the FTDNA Tip calculator for that pair from one’s personal page—but be sure to input the number of generations for which one knows, genealogically, the bearers of these haplotypes cannot have had a common ancestor.
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37-Marker Haplotype Genetic Distance Comparison Matrix
Color-coding shows whether a haplotype pair Definitely, Probably, or just Possibly belongs to the patrilineage.
The number in each cell is the number of divergent mutations between each pair of haplotypes.
The lowest numbers represent the closest relationships.
Whether an outlier haplotype belongs to the same patrilineage should be judged by its lowest GD number.
However, the color-coded categories and the GD numbers don’t take account either of the common surname that most of these haplotypes share,
or of the possible convergence of their genealogical evidence at a particular time and place, and where either of these conditions obtain,
2 or 3 can reasonably be subtracted from the indicated GD in assessing whether an outlying haplotype belongs to the patrilineage.
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67-Marker Haplotype Genetic Distance Comparison Matrix for DENNISON Patrilineage 5
Outliers from other patrilineages have been included in this chart, including one from DENNISON Patrilineage 4.
Color-coding shows whether a haplotype pair Definitely, Probably, or just Possibly belongs to the patrilineage.
The number in each cell is the number of divergent mutations between each pair of haplotypes.
The lowest numbers represent the closest relationships.
Whether an outlier haplotype belongs to the same patrilineage should be judged by its lowest GD number.
However, the color-coded categories and the GD numbers don’t take account either of the common surname that most of these haplotypes share,
or of the possible convergence of their genealogical evidence at a particular time and place, and where either of these conditions obtain,
2 or 3 can reasonably be subtracted from the indicated GD in assessing whether an outlying haplotype belongs to the patrilineage.
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111-Marker Haplotype Genetic Distance Comparison Matrix for DENNISON Patrilineage 5
Color-coding shows whether a haplotype pair Definitely, Probably, or just Possibly belongs to the patrilineage.
The number in each cell is the number of divergent mutations between each pair of haplotypes.
The lowest numbers represent the closest relationships.
Whether an outlier haplotype belongs to the same patrilineage should be judged by its lowest GD number.
However, the color-coded categories and the GD numbers don’t take account either of the common surname that most of these haplotypes share,
or of the possible convergence of their genealogical evidence at a particular time and place, and where either of these conditions obtain,
2 or 3 can reasonably be subtracted from the indicated GD in assessing whether an outlying haplotype belongs to the patrilineage.
